There seem to be endless choices regarding how to accomplish the same task – to develop a website that works in today’s modern web. Web developers have to choose a web hosting platform and underlying data storage, which tools to write HTML, CSS, and JavaScript in, how design will be implemented, and what potential JavaScript libraries/frameworks to include. Once choices are narrowed down, the online world is filled with articles, forums, and samples that provide tips for making a better web experience. Yet no matter which path is taken, all developers are susceptible to mistakes. Although some mistakes will be related to a specific approach, there are challenges shared among all web developers. So through research, experience, and recent observations, I thought I would share a list I compiled of ten common mistakes I see web developers make – and how to avoid them.

The following list is in no particular order.

1) Writing Old School HTML

Mistake: The early days of the internet had much fewer options for markup than we do today. However, old habits die hard, and many still write their HTML as if we were still in the 20th century. Examples here are using <table> elements for layout, <span> or <div> elements when other semantic-specific tags would be more appropriate or using tags that are not supported in current HTML standard such as <center> or <font>, or spacing items on a page with a large number of &nbsp; entities.

Impact: Writing the last decade’s HTML can result in over-complicated markup that will behave inconsistently across multiple browsers. And it’s not necessary for more recent modern browsers like Microsoft Edge and even past versions of Internet Explorer (11, 10, 9).

How to avoid: Stop using the <table> element for layout of content, and limit usage for it to displaying tabular data. Get acquainted with the current markup options available such as seen at whatwg.org. Use HTML to describe what the content is, not how it will be displayed. To display your content correctly, use CSS

2) “It Works in My Browser…”

Mistake: A developer may be fond of a particular browser or really despise one, and might primarily test web pages with that bias in view. It is also possible that code samples found online may be written without factoring how it would render in other browsers. Also, some browsers have different default values for styles.

Impact: Writing a browser-centric site will likely result in very poor quality when displayed in other browsers.

How to avoid: It would not be practical to test web pages in every browser & version during development. However, having a regular interval of checking how your site will appear in multiple browsers is a good approach. Nowadays free tools to help are readily available regardless of your preferred platform: free VMs, site scanners. Sites such as http://browsershots.org/ or https://www.browserstack.com/show snapshots of how a given page would render over multiple browsers/versions/platforms. Tools such as Visual Studio can also invoke multiple browsers to display a single page you are working on. When designing with CSS, consider “resetting” all the defaults as shown at meyerweb.com.

If your site is using any CSS features created specifically for a browser, be cautious as to how you will approach vendor prefixes such as -webkit--moz-, or -ms-. For guidance on industry trends in this regard, it would be worth your time to examine the following references:

  • Microsoft Edge Dev Blog: A break from the past, part 2: Saying goodbye to ActiveX, VBScript, attachEvent
  • QuirksMode.org: CSS vendor prefixes considered harmful
  • Bruce Lawson: On Internet Explorer supporting -WebKit- vendor prefixes

While the above references explain a movement away from vendor prefixes and why this site provides practical suggestions on how to work through this today.

3) Bad Form

Mistake: Prompting a user to provide any information (especially when entered into a text field) and assuming the data will be received as intended.

Impact: Many things can (and likely will) go wrong when user entry is trusted. Pages may fail if required data is not provided, or data received is not compatible with an underlying data scheme. Even more serious is the intentional violation of the site’s database, perhaps through Injection attacks.

How to avoid: The first bit of advice here is to make sure it is clear to the user what type of data you are looking for. These days, asking for an address could result in either a business, home, or even an email address! In addition, to be specific, take advantage of data validation techniques available in today’s HTML as seen in this article. No matter how data is validated on the browser side, be sure it is always validated on the server-side as well. Never allow a concatenated T-SQL statement to use data from user entry without confirmation each field is the type of data it should be.

4) Bloated Responses

Mistake: The page is filled with many high-quality graphics and/or pictures, scaled-down with use of img element height and width attributes. Files linked from the page such as CSS and JavaScript are large. The source HTML markup may also be unnecessarily complex and extensive.

Impact: The time to have a page completely render becomes long enough for some users to give up or even impatiently re-request the whole page again. In some cases, errors will occur if page processing is waiting too long.

How to avoid: Don’t adopt the mindset that access to the internet is getting faster and faster – thus allowing for bloated scenarios. Instead, consider everything going back and forth from the browser to your site as a cost. A major offender on page bloat is images. To minimize the cost of images that slow down page loads, try these three tips:

  1. Ask yourself: “Are all my graphics absolutely necessary?” If not, remove unneeded images.
  2. Minimize the file size of your images with tools such as Shrink O’Matic or RIOT.
  3. Preload images. This will not improve the cost on initial download but can make other pages on site that use the images load much faster.

Another way to reduce cost is to minify linked CSS and JavaScript files. There are plenty of tools out there to assist in this endeavor such as Minify CSS and Minify JS.

Before we leave this topic, strive to be current with HTML (see mistake #1) and use good judgment when using <style> or <script> tags in HTML.

5) Creating Code That Should Work

Mistake: Whether it is JavaScript or code running on the server, a developer has tested and confirmed that it works, thereby concluding it should still work once deployed. The code executes without error trapping because it worked when it was tested by the developer.

Impact: Sites without proper error checking may reveal the errors to the end-users in an ugly way. Not only can the user experience be dramatically impacted, but the type of error message content could also provide clues to a hacker as to how to infiltrate a site.

How to avoid: To err is human, so bring that philosophy to coding. With JavaScript, be sure to implement good techniques to prevent errors as well as catch them.

Failures in server-side code should be caught without the user seeing any of the nerdy details. Reveal only what is necessary, and be sure to set up friendly error pages for things like HTTP 404s

6) Writing Forking Code

Mistake: With the noble notion of supporting all browsers and versions, a developer creates code to respond to each possible scenario. The code becomes a heap of if statements, forking in all sorts of direction.

Impact: As new versions of browsers update, the management of code files become bulky and difficult to manage. And as mentioned in #1, it’s increasingly unnecessary.

How to avoid: Implement feature detection in code versus browser/version detection. Feature detection techniques not only dramatically reduce the amount of code, but it is also much easier to read and manage. Consider using a library such as Modernizr which not only helps with feature detection, it also automatically helps provide fallback support for older browsers not up to speed with HTML5 or CSS3.

7) Designing Unresponsively

Mistake: Site development assumes viewing in the same size monitor as the developer/designer.

Impact: When viewing the site in mobile devices or very large screens, the user experience suffers from either not being able to see important aspects of the page or even preventing navigation to other pages.

How to avoid: Think responsively. Use responsive design in your sites.

8) Making Meaningless Pages

Mistake: Producing public facing pages with content that might be very useful, but not providing any hints to search engines. Accessibility features are not implemented.

Impact: Pages are not as discoverable through search engines and therefore may receive little or no visits. The page content may be very cryptic to users with impaired vision.

How to avoid: Use SEO (search engine optimizations) and support accessibility in HTML. Regarding SEO, be sure to add tags to provide meaning to a page with keywords and descriptions. To enable a better accessibility experience, be determined to provide an alt="your image description" attribute in each of your img or area tags.

9) Producing Sites That Are Too Refreshing

Mistake: Creating a site that requires full refreshes of a page for each interaction.

Impact: Similar to bloated pages (see mistake #4), the performance of page loading time is affected. The user experience lacks fluidity, and each interaction could cause a brief (or long) resetting of the page.

How to avoid: One quick way to avoid this is by determining if posting back to the server is truly required. For example, a client-side script can be used to provide immediate results when there is no dependency on server-side resources. You can also embrace AJAX techniques or go further with a single-page application “SPA” approach. Popular JavaScript libraries/frameworks are available to make adoption of these methods much easier, such as JQuery, KnockoutJS, and AngularJS.

10) Working Too Much

Mistake: A developer spends a long time creating web content. Time might be spent doing repetitive tasks, or simply typing a lot.

Impact: Time for initial web site launch or subsequent updates is too lengthy. The value of the developer diminishes when it appears other developers are doing comparable work in less time and with less effort. Manual labor is prone to mistakes, and troubleshooting mistakes takes even more time.

How to avoid: Explore your options. Consider using new tools or new process techniques for every stage of development. For example, how does your current code editor compare to Sublime Text or Visual Studio? Regardless of what code editor you are using, have you recently dived into its features? Perhaps a small investment of your time perusing the documentation could unveil a new way to do something that could save hours & hours of time later.

You can also help reduce time and mistakes by automating processes. An example of this is using a tool like Grunt that can automate things such as the minifying of files (see mistake #4). Another example is Bower which can help manage libraries/frameworks (see mistake #9).

Summary

By identifying common mistakes, web developers can eliminate much frustration that others have already endured. Not only is it important to acknowledge, but when we understand the impact of a mistake and take measures to avoid it, we can create a development process catered to our preferences – and do so with confidence!

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